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Products

Accessible Communication on Social Networks
Accessible Email Design & Development Masterclass
NVDA Screen Reader for Accessibility Testing: Practical Hands-On Training
Web Accessibility for Content Authors
Web Accessibility for Designers
Web Accessibility For Developers
Web Accessibility Fundamentals
Web Accessibility Testing Course for Beginners

Courses

Accessibility Audit For Beginners
Accessibility For Developers
Accessibility Fundamentals
Accessible Communication on Social Networks
Email Accessibility Mastery: Creating Inclusive Digital Communications
NVDA Screen Reader for Accessibility Testing
Web Accessibility for Content Authors
Web Accessibility for Designers

Lessons

Understandable
Vestibular Issues / Seizure Disorders
1.1 What Is a Web Accessibility Audit?
1.1 What Is Accessibility and Who Does It Affect?
1.1 What Is Social Media Accessibility?
1.1 What is Web Accessibility?
1.1 What Is Web Accessibility?
1.1.1 Non-text Content
1.1.1 The Curb Cut Effect
1.1.1 What is Email Accessibility?
1.1.2 Four Categories of Disability That Content Directly Affects
1.1.2 Understanding Disabilities
1.1.3 Key Takeaways
1.1.3 The Statistics
1.1.4 Legal Requirements
1.1.4 Test your Knowledge: Map the Disability
1.1.5 Assistive Technologies
1.1.6 Business Benefits
1.1.7 The Four Principles of Accessibility (POUR)
1.1.8 Your Role in Email Accessibility
1.2 Business and LEgal Case
1.2 The Content Author's Role in the Accessibility Chain
1.2 The Disability Spectrum
1.2 What does an Audit Cover? (Automated+Manual Testing)
1.2 Who Is Affected and How
1.2.1 Audio-only and Video-only (Prerecorded)
1.2.1 Introduction
1.2.1 Real Content Failures from Real Audits
1.2.1 What Content Authors Own In WCAG
1.2.2 Activity: Write Alt Text
1.2.2 Captions (Prerecorded)
1.2.2 Key Takeaways
1.2.2 Problem Area 1: Images Without Alternatives
1.2.3 Audio Description or Media Alternative (Prerecorded)
1.2.3 Exercise: Whose Fault Is It?
1.2.3 Problem Area 2: Fonts, Colors, and Styles
1.2.4 Captions (Live)
1.2.4 Problem Area 3: Color and Contrast
1.2.5 Audio Description (Prerecorded)
1.2.5 Problem Area 4: Layout Tables
1.2.6 Problem Area 5: Links
1.2.7 Problem Area 6: Attachments
1.2.8 Problem Area 7: Complex Layouts
1.2.9 Summary: The Six Problem Areas
1.3 The Business and Ethical Case
1.3 Types of Barriers On The Web
1.3 Understanding Your Readers: Disability Types and Content Impact
1.3 WCAG Overview and Structure
1.3 Why Audits Are Required? (Legal, Ethical, and Business Case)
1.3.1 Info and Relationships
1.3.1 Introduction
1.3.1 Visual Disabilities
1.3.2 Hearing Disabilities
1.3.2 Meaningful Sequence
1.3.2 Screen Readers
1.3.3 Cognitive Disabilities
1.3.3 Keyboard Navigation
1.3.3 Sensory Characteristics
1.3.4 Motor and Physical Disabilities
1.3.4 Orientation
1.3.4 Screen Magnification
1.3.5 Identify Input Purpose
1.3.5 Key Takeaways
1.3.5 Other Assistive Technogies
1.3.6 Exercise: The Content Lens
1.3.6 Simulating Disabilities
1.3.7 Multi-Device Testing
1.3.8 Summary: Assistive Technology Essentials
1.4 Accessibility Maturity in Social Teams
1.4 Legal Awareness: Why Accessibility Is No Longer Optional
1.4 The Curb-Cut Effect: Benefits Beyond Disability
1.4 Types of Assistive Technology
1.4 Who Should Perform an Accessibility Audit?
1.4.1 International Standards That Affect Indian Content Creators
1.4.1 Use of Color
1.4.10 Reflow
1.4.11 Non-text Contrast
1.4.12 Text Spacing
1.4.13 Content on Hover or Focus
1.4.2 Audio Control
1.4.2 What Compliance Means for a Content Author
1.4.3 Contrast (Minimum)
1.4.3 The Human Case
1.4.4 Key Takeaways
1.4.4 Resize text
1.4.5 Excersise: True or False?
1.4.5 Images of Text
1.5 Module 1 Exercises
1.5 The Business Case for Accessibility
1.5 Who Are You Auditing For? Disability Personas
10.1 Accessible Campaign Briefs: Building Inclusion In from Day One
10.1 Image Alt Text on Social Platforms: Native Features and Platform-By-Platform Guide
10.1 Inline Validation Patterns
10.2 Error Message Design
10.2 Hashtags, Emojis and Hidden Accessibility Traps
10.2 Threads, Carousels, and Multi-Post Accessibility
10.3 Accessibility Links, CTAs, and Open Graph Metadata
10.3 Captions, Gifs, and Motion: Making Social Video and Animation Accessible
10.3 Status and Success Messages
10.4 Complex Form Patters
10.4 User-Generated Content and Accessibility Responsibility
10.5 Module 10 Exercises
11.1 Manual Screen Reader Testing for Social Media
11.1 Screen Readers as Content Review Tools: VoiceOver and NVDA Basics
11.1 Simple Table Markup
11.2 Automated Tools: What They Catch and What They Miss
11.2 Complex Tables
11.2 Wave and Axe Dev Tools: Browser Extensions That Find What You Can't See
11.3 Data vs Layout Tables
11.3 Pre-Publication Accessibility Review by Content Type
11.3 Your Pre-Publish Routine: Bringin It All Together
11.4 Accessibility KPIs and QA Sprint Methodology
11.4 Interactive Data Grids
11.5 Module 11 Exercises
12.1 Legal Compliance, Global Standards, and Your Professional Responsibility
12.1 Skip Navigation Links
12.1 Writing an Effective Social Media Accessibility Policy
12.2 Navigation Menus
12.2 Onboarding, Training Design, and Knowledge Transfer
12.2 The Capstone Content Audit: Find It, Name It, Fix It
12.3 Final Certification Quiz
12.3 Pagination and Load More
12.3 Responding to Accessibility Feedback from Your Audience
12.4 Search and Site-Wide Patterns
12.4 Sustaining Accessibility Through Team Turnover, Platform Change and Leadership Transitions
12.5 Module 12 Exercises
13.1 SPA Routing and Focus Management
13.2 Dynamic Content and Live Regions
13.3 Loading and Async Patterns
13.4 State Management and AT (Assistive Tool) Sync
14.1 Session Timeouts and Warnings
14.2 Modals and Interruptions
14.3 404 and Error Pages
14.4 Third Party Content and iFrames
15.1 Captions and Subtitles
15.2 Audio Description
15.3 Accessible Media Players
15.4 Transcripts and Sign Language
16.1 Plain Language
16.2 Cognitive Load
16.3 Error Prevention and Revocery
16.4 Neurodiverisyt and COGA
17.1 Image Alt Text Patterns
17.2 Accessible SVG
17.3 Charts and Data Visualisation
17.4 Animations and Motion
18.0 Why Custom Components Are the Hardest Accessibility Problem
18.1 Disclosure Widget
18.2 Accordion
18.3 Tab Panel
18.4 Modal Dialog
18.5 Combobox
18.6 Menu Button
18.7 Tooltip and Toggeltip
19.1 Progress Indicators
19.2 aria-busy and Async Loading
19.3 Toast Notifications
19.4 Lng State Anti-Patterns and The Complete System
2.1 Defining Scope and Selecting a Representative Sample
2.1 Headings as Navigation: How Screen Readers Use Your Structure
2.1 How Screen Readers Handle Images
2.1 Screen Readers
2.1 The Accessibility Tree
2.1.1 Choosing Accessible Fonts
2.1.1 Keyboard
2.1.2 Font Size Guidelines
2.1.2 No Keyboard Trap
2.1.2 The Six Heading Levels: H1 to H6
2.1.3 Text Formatting
2.1.3 The Structure Analogy: Your Headings Are a Table of Contents
2.1.4 Character Key Shortcuts
2.1.4 Key Takeaways
2.1.4 Text Alignment
2.1.5 Exercise: The Heading Extraction Test
2.1.5 Line Spacing and Paragraph Structure
2.2 Aria Roles, Properties, and States
2.2 Heading Hierarchy: The Six Mistakes That Break Navigation
2.2 Keyboard-Only Navigation
2.2 The 6-Step Audit Framework
2.2 Writing Effective Alt Text
2.2.1 Mistake 1: Multiple H1 Headings on One Page
2.2.1 Timing Adjustable
2.2.1 Understanding Color Contrast
2.2.10 Exercise: Fix the Heading Hierarchy
2.2.2 Pause, Stop, Hide
2.2.2 WCAG Contrast Requirements
2.2.3 Mistake 2: Skipping Heading Levels
2.2.3 Testing Color Contrast
2.2.4 Common Color Combinations
2.2.4 Mistake 3: Using Headings for Visual Styling, Not Structure
2.2.5 Creating Accessible Color Palettes
2.2.5 Mistake 4: Headings That Don't Describe Their Section
2.2.6 Common Color Mistakes
2.2.6 Mistake 5: Inconsistent Heading Levels Across a Multi-Page Site
2.2.7 Color Blindness Considerations
2.2.7 Mistake 6: Empty Headings
2.2.8 The Heading Self-Check: Five Questions Before You Publish
2.2.9 Key Takeaways
2.3 Accessible Name Computation
2.3 Alt Text for Complex Visuals
2.3 Lists vs Prose: Making the Right Structural Choice
2.3 Voice Control and Switch Access
2.3 Your Audit Toolkit: WAVE, Tublets and Chrome DevTools
2.3.1 Three Flashes or Below Threshold
2.3.1 Understanding Alternative Text
2.3.1 When to Use a List
2.3.2 The Alt Text Decision Tree
2.3.2 When NOT to Use a List
2.3.3 Writing Accessible List Items
2.3.3 Writing Effective Alt Text
2.3.4 Alt Text by Image Type
2.3.4 Ordered vs. Unordered: Which Type to Choose
2.3.5 Common Alt Text Mistakes
2.3.5 Key Takeaways
2.3.6 Exercise: List or Prose?
2.3.6 Technical Implementation
2.4 Focus Order and Tab Sequence
2.4 Page Titles: The First Thing Every User Encounters
2.4 Platform-By-Platform Alt Text
2.4 Screen Magnification and Display Adjustments
2.4.1 Bypass Blocks
2.4.1 The Problem with "Click Here"
2.4.1 Why Page Titles Are a WCAG Requirement
2.4.2 Page Titled
2.4.2 The Recommended Page Title Format
2.4.2 Writing Descriptive Link Text
2.4.3 Five Patterns That Fail the Page Title Test
2.4.3 Focus Order
2.4.3 Link Text by Context
2.4.4 Creating Accessible Buttons
2.4.4 How to Set Page Titles in Common CMS Platforms
2.4.4 Link Purpose (In Context)
2.4.5 Multiple Ways
2.4.5 The Difference Between the Page Title and the H1
2.4.5 Touch Target Sizes
2.4.6 Headings and Labels
2.4.6 Key Takeaways
2.4.7 Exercise: Write the Page Title
2.4.7 Focus Visible
2.5 Cognitive and Reading Aids
2.5 Module 2 Exercises
2.5.1 Heading Hierarchy
2.5.1 Pointer Gestures
2.5.2 Lists
2.5.2 Pointer Cancellation
2.5.3 Label in Name
2.5.3 Proper Spacing
2.5.4 Motion Actuation
2.5.4 Special Characters
2.6.1 Adding Attachments Properly
2.6.2 File Naming Best Practices
2.6.3 Creating Accessible PDFs
2.6.4 Creating Accessible Word Documents
20.1 Touch Targets
20.2 Pointer Gestures and Alternatives
20.3 Reflow At 320px and Pinch Zoom
20.4 Orientation Lock
20.5 Hover-Dependent Interactions
20.6 prefers-reduced-motion
20.7 Mobile Screen Readers
21.1 Automated Testing Tools
21.2 Structured Keyboard Testing Workflow
21.3 Screen Reader Testing Methodology
21.4 Browser DevTools for Accessibility
21.5 Writing Accessibility Bug Reports
21.6 Building an Accessibility Test Plan
21.7 CI/CD Integration
21.8 Acceptance Criteria and Definition of Done
22.1 React Accessibility Fundamentals
22.2 React Custom Hooks For Accessibility
22.3 Next.js and App Router Accessibility
22.4 Vue.js Accessibility
22.5 Angular CDK Accessibility
22.6 Design Systems at Scale
22.7 React Native Accessibility
22.8 Web Components and Shadow DOM Accessibility
3.1 Block Level Semantics
3.1 Checking Heading Structure and Markup
3.1 Introduction to WCAG
3.1 What is Plain Language and Why Does It Matter for Accessibility?
3.1 Why Video Accessibility Matters
3.1.1 Language of Page
3.1.1 Plain Language as an Accessibility Requirement
3.1.1 Understanding Email Clients
3.1.2 Language of Parts
3.1.2 The Basic HTML Email Structure
3.1.2 Who Plain Language Helps
3.1.3 Table-Based Layouts Explained
3.1.3 Technically Correct Is Not the Same as Accessible
3.1.4 Inline CSS Explained
3.1.4 The Plain Language Principles
3.1.5 Building Your First Email Template
3.1.5 Key Takeaways
3.1.6 Exercise: Identify the Plain Language Failure
3.1.6 Testing Your Email
3.2 Captions and Subtitles Done Right
3.2 Interactive Elements
3.2 Sentence Length, Active Voice, and Eliminating Jargon
3.2 Testing Pages Without Stylesheets
3.2 The Four Principles: POUR
3.2.1 Essential Image Attributes Explained
3.2.1 On Focus
3.2.1 Sentence Length: The Single Most Impactful Writing Change
3.2.2 Active Voice: Putting the Person in the Sentence
3.2.2 Images-Off Design Strategy
3.2.2 On Input
3.2.3 Consistent Navigation
3.2.3 Eliminating Jargon: The Three Categories
3.2.3 The Text-in-Images Problem
3.2.4 Category 1: Internal process jargon — replace entirely
3.2.4 Consistent Identification
3.2.4 Linked Images Best Practices
3.2.5 Category 2: Industry-specific technical terms — define or explain on first use
3.2.5 Image Optimization Explained
3.2.6 Category 3: Marketing and corporate buzzwords — cut or replace
3.2.9 Exercise: Rewrite for Clarity
3.3 Checking That Instructions aren't Visually Dependent
3.3 Conformance Levels: A, AA, and AAA
3.3 Lists and List Semantics
3.3 Measuring Readability: Tools and Targets
3.3 Transcripts for Social Video and Audio
3.3.1 Error Identification
3.3.1 The Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease Scale
3.3.1 Why Text Buttons Beat Image Buttons?
3.3.2 Building a Basic Button – Step by Step
3.3.2 Labels or Instructions
3.3.2 The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level
3.3.3 Button Variations Explained
3.3.3 Error Suggestion
3.3.3 Practical Readability Tools for Content Authors
3.3.4 Error Prevention (Legal, Financial, Data)
3.3.4 Multiple Buttons – Side by Side
3.3.4 What Readability Tools Cannot Measure
3.3.5 Setting Readability Targets by Content Type
3.3.5 Social Media Icons Done Right
3.3.6 Key Takeaways
3.3.6 Navigation Menus Explained
3.3.7 Exercise: Score, Diagnose, and Rewrite
3.3.7 Forms in Email – Why They Don't Work
3.4 Audio Description and Visual Context
3.4 Evaluating Link Text Quality
3.4 The First Rule of ARIA
3.4 WCAG 2.1 and 2.2: Key Additions
3.4 Writing for Multilingual Audiences
3.4.1 Specific Writing Choices That Create Barriers for Multilingual Readers
3.4.1 Understanding Mobile Challenges
3.4.10 Exercise: Rewrite for a Multilingual Audience
3.4.2 Cultural references and assumed shared knowledge
3.4.2 Responsive Email Strategies
3.4.3 Contractions in formal content
3.4.3 Touch Target Accessibility
3.4.4 Mobile Font Sizes
3.4.4 Phrasal verbs
3.4.5 Humour, wordplay, and puns
3.4.5 Responsive Images
3.4.6 Testing Mobile Emails
3.4.8 A Note on Writing in Indian English
3.4.9 Key Takeaways
3.5 Abbreviations and Acronyms: When to Use Them, How to Introduce Them
3.5 Module 3 Exercises
3.5 Related Standards at a Glance
3.5 Writing and Checking Descriptive Page Titles
3.5.1 Major Email Clients and their Quirks
3.5.2 Progressive Enhancement Strategy
3.5.2 Three Categories of Abbreviation — Handling Each Correctly
3.5.3 Industry-specific abbreviations — always expand on first use
3.5.3 Outlook-Specific Fixes with Conditional Comments
3.5.4 Internal abbreviations — avoid in customer-facing content
3.5.4 Testing Strategies
3.5.5 Common Cross-Client Issues and Solutions
3.5.5 Screen Readers and Abbreviations: What You Need to Know
3.5.6 Building an Abbreviations Policy for Your Content Team
3.5.7 Key Takeaways
3.5.8 Exercise: Abbreviation Audit
4.1 Alt Text for Images: Meaningful vs. Decorative
4.1 Cognitive Accessibility and Social Content
4.1 Decorative vs Informative: The Alt Text Decision Tree
4.1 Landmark Regions
4.1 United States: ADA, Section 508, and Related Laws
4.1.1 Exercise: Apply the Decision Tree
4.1.1 Newsletter Anatomy
4.1.1 Parsing
4.1.2 Layout Patterns
4.1.2 Name, Role, Value
4.1.3 Content Hierarchy
4.1.3 Status Messages
4.1.4 Visual Design for Accessibility
4.2 Accessible Charts, Tables, and Complex Visuals
4.2 European Union: The EAA, Web Accessibility Directive, and EN 301 549
4.2 Heading Hierarchy
4.2 Writing Alt Text: Principles and Practice
4.2 Writing for Readability
4.2.1 Best Practices Checklist
4.2.1 Exercise: Rewrite the Alt Text
4.2.2 Troubleshooting Guide
4.3 Accessibility Laws in Other Key Regions
4.3 Accessible Formatting in Social Posts
4.3 Context-Dependent Alt Text: Same Image, Different Meaning
4.3 Identifying Images of Text
4.3 Page Language and Direction
4.3.1 Platform Evaluation Criteria
4.3.2 Platform Comparison Chart
4.4 Captions and Transcripts for Video and Audio
4.4 Document Title and Meta
4.4 Images of Text: Why They Fail and How to Fix Them
4.4 Inclusive Language and Terminology
4.4 VPATs and Accessibility Conformance Reports
4.4.1 Exercise: Identify and Fix the Image of Text
4.5 Consequences of Non-Compliance
4.5 Figure and Table Captions: Making Data Visible to Everyone
4.5 Module 4 Exercises
4.5 When Audio Descriptions Are Needed
4.5.1 Exercise: Write the Caption and Alt Text
4.6 Background Images and CSS Images
4.7 Animated GIFs and Motion Content
4.8 SVG Accessibility
5.1 ARIA Roles in Practice
5.1 Audit vs. Remediation: Where to Begin
5.1 Form Field Labels: Markup and Association
5.1 How Screen Readers Navigate By Links and Why Your Words Art The Map
5.1 How Screen Readers Read Hashtags and Mentions
5.1.1 CSS-Only Interactive Components
5.1.1 Exercise: What Does the Links List Show?
5.1.2 AMP for Email
5.1.3 Testing Interactive Components
5.2 Accessibility Statements
5.2 ARIA States and Properties
5.2 Emoji Accessibility: Meaning, Overuse and Placement
5.2 The Placeholder Trap: When Visual Labels Disappear
5.2 Writing Link Text That Works Out of Context
5.2.1 Dark Mode CSS Fundamentals
5.2.1 Exercise: Rewrite for the Out-of-Context Test
5.2.2 Handling Images in Dark Mode
5.2.3 Advanced Dark Mode Techniques
5.2.4 Testing Dark Mode
5.2.5 Dark Mode Best Practices
5.3 Accessible Hashtag Strategy
5.3 aria-label, aria-labelledby, and aria-describedby
5.3 CTAs, Downloads, and New Tabs: The Edge Cases That Trip Everyone Up
5.3 Required Fields, Input Purpose, and Autocomplete
5.3 Roles and Responsibilities Across Teams
5.3.1 Exercise: Fix the Download Page
5.3.1 The prefers-reduced-motion Media Query
5.3.2 Animated GIFs – The Accessibility Problem
5.3.3 Video Accessibility in Email
5.3.4 Testing Motion Preferences
5.3.5 Animation Best Practices
5.4 ARIA Anti-Patterns
5.4 Building an Accessibility Policy
5.4 Mentions, Content Warnings, and Trirgger labels
5.4 Writing Helpful Error Messages
5.4.1 Automated Testing
5.4.2 Manual Testing
5.4.3 Documentation and Reporting
5.4.4 Prioritization and Remediation
5.4.5 Ongoing Monitoring
5.4.6 Training and Culture
5.5 Module 5 Exercises
5.5 Quick Wins You Can Act on Today
5.5 Session Timeouts and Unexpected Form Behaviors
5.6 Error Prevention and Review Before Submit
5.7 Custom Form Controls and CAPTCHA
5.8 Touch Targets and Mobile Form Accessibility
6.1 Colour and Accessibility Fundamentals
6.1 Keyboard Basics: Keys, Roles, and How to Test
6.1 Labels: The Foundation of Every Accessible Form Field
6.1 Understanding Contrast — How the WCAG Model Works
6.2 Test Overlays on Social Images
6.2 Text Contrast in Practice — Every Scenario, Every Exception
6.2 The Place Holder Trap: Why Placeholder Text Is Not a Label
6.2 Visible Focus Indicators: WCAG 2.2 Requirements
6.3 Colour-Independent Communication
6.3 Error Messages: What Failed, Why and How to Fix It
6.3 Logical Focus Order and DOM Sequence
6.3 Non-Text Contrast (Part 1)
6.3 Non-Text Contrast (Part 2)
6.4 Colour Only Information — WCAG 1.4.1
6.4 Format Hints and Input Guidance: Preventing Errors Before They Happen
6.4 Keyboard Traps — and When a Focus Trap Is Required
6.4 Typography and Spacing for Social Graphics
6.5 Low Vision Design — Text Sizing & Reflow
6.5 Module 6 Exercises
6.5 Page-Level Instructions and Required Fields: Setting Users Up to Succeed
6.5 Skip Navigation Links and Landmark Navigation
6.6 Low Vision Design — Text Spacing
6.6 Mobile Testing: Orientation, Gestures, and Motion
6.7 Dark Mode, Forced Colours, Testing and Module Completion
6.7 Text Resize and Content Reflow
6.8 Character Key Shortcuts
7.1 Captions, Subtitles, and Transcriptions: What's the Difference and When Do You Need Each?
7.1 Colour Contrast for Text
7.1 GIFs and Animation Accessibility
7.1 Keyboard Fundamentals and Focus Visibility
7.2 Focus Management
7.2 Non-text Contrast: UI Components and Graphics
7.2 Pause, Stop, Hide: Controling Motion in Social Content
7.2 Reviewing Auto-Generated Captions: The Standard and The Workflow
7.3 Accessible Instagram Stories and Reels
7.3 Custom Interactive Widgets and The ARIA Authoring Practices
7.3 Page Language and Language of Parts
7.3 Writing Transcripts: Structure, Speaker Labels, and Non-Speech Audio
7.4 Audio Descriptions and Supporting Video Content
7.4 Keyboard Traps, Pointer Guestures, Drag-and-Drop and Advanced Patterns
7.4 Reducing Cognitive Load in Dynamic Content
7.4 Tables and Lists: Semantic Structure
7.5 ARIA for Auditors: What to Check, What to Flag
7.5 Module 7 Exercises
7.6 Navigation Consistency and Multiple Pathways
7.7 Dynamic Content: Dialogs, Carousels, and Status Messages
7.8 Your First Screen Reader Test
8.1 How Screen Readers Process the Page
8.1 How to Structure an Accessibility Audit Report
8.1 The Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Social Media Experience
8.1 Word Heading Styles: The Foundation of Every Accessible Document
8.2 Alt Text in Documents: Images, Charts, and Decorative Elements
8.2 Live Audio Accessibility: Spaces and Audio Events
8.2 NVDAand JAWS Core Usage
8.2 Severity Ratings: How to Prioritize Your Findings
8.3 Accessible Tables in Documents
8.3 Mapping Findings to WCAG Success Criteria
8.3 Podcast Clips, Voice Notes, and Audio Only Campaigns
8.3 VoiceOver on macOS and iOS
8.4 PDF Accessibility: What Exports Inherit and What They Do Not
8.4 Planning Accessible Audio-First Campaigns
8.4 Testing Workflow with Screen Readers
8.4 When to Hire a Professional Auditor
8.5 Building a Remediation Roadmap
8.5 Module 8 Exercises
8.5 The Accessibility Checker, Document Properties, and File Naming
9.1 Don't Use Color Alone: What It Means and Why It Matters
9.1 Label Association
9.1 Master Platform Accessibility Matrix and Navigation
9.2 Contrast: Reading the Numbers Without Being a Designer
9.2 Input Types and Their Assistive Tool Behaviour
9.2 LinkedIn and Facebook: Professional and Community Platforms
9.3 Group Related Fields
9.3 Instagram, TikTok and Emerging Short-Form Platforms
9.3 Your Role: When to Approve, Request or Fix
9.4 X (Twitter), YouTube, Pinterest and Staying Current
9.4equired and Optional Fields
9.5 Module 9 Exercises
Accessibility Bugs
Accessibility Design Review
Accessibility Swarms
Activity: Add Accessible Animations to Email Template
Activity: Build an Accessible Interactive Email Component
Activity: Build Your First Email
Activity: Color Audit
Activity: Complete Email Accessibility Audit
Activity: Cross-Client Testing Report
Activity: CTA Section
Activity: File Audit
Activity: Fix the Typography
Activity: Hands-on Assignment
Activity: Platform Evaluation and Campaign Creation
Activity: Product Gallery
Activity: Responsive Email Template
Activity: Rewrite Link Text
Activity: Structure Audit
Activity: Write Alt Text
Additional Resources
Additional Resources
Additional Resources
Additional Resources
Addressing Pop-ups and Interactive/Flashing Content
Adjusting Speaking Rate in JAWS
Allowing Users to Review Form Answers
Animation
Animation
Animation and Accessibility
Animation and Accessibility
Application Mode and the ARIA Widget Audit Template
ARIA
ARIA Roles, States and Properties
Assistive Technology Testing in a Foreign Language
Avoid 2D Scrolling
Benefits of Conducting an Accessibility Audit
Best Practices for Documenting Accessibility Bugs
Bug Documentation and Priority Levels
Bypass blocks
Bypass blocks
Capstone Exercise: Audit a Page and Write Your First Report
Capstone Exercises
Checking Content Language
Checking Images for Descriptive Alt Text
Checking Proper Usage of Headings
ClaroRead
Cognitive Disabilities
Cognitive Disabilities
Color Contrast
Color Contrast
Common Screen Reader Commands
Comprehensive Audit Template
Conducting HTML Checks for Accessibility
Content Design
Contrast Threshold
Contrast Threshold
Contrast Tools
Contrast Tools
Control Design
Control Design
Control Design and Accessibility
Controlling NVDA's Speaking Rate to Ensure Comprehension
Course Completion – What You Have Built
Course Completion Checklist
Course Glossary
Course Summary
CTAs, Downloads, and New Tabs: The Edge Cases That Trip Everyone Up
Custom Components
Custom Focus Indicator
Customized Colors in Firefox
Deafness / Hard of Hearing
Deafness / Hard of Hearing
Describing Images, Charts, and Tables
Designing for Dyslexia
Detect Keyboard/Mouse Usage
Don't Rely on Color Alone!
Don't Rely on Color Alone!
Dragon
Dynamic Components
Dynamic content
Dynamic content
Dynamic content
Element list
Ensuring Clarity in Information Required from Users
Ensuring Pages are Usable without Stylesheets
Ensuring Proper Description of Video-only and Audio-only Content
Ensuring Proper Markup of Tables and Bullet Lists
Error Messaging
Error Messaging
Evaluating Color Contrast for Accessibility
Examples
Exercise – Animation
Exercise – Animation
Exercise – Color Contrast
Exercise – Color Contrast
Exercise – Dynamic Components
Exercise – Focus Indicator
Exercise – Forms
Exercise – Image Alt Text
Exercise – Keyboard
Exercise – Page Structure
Exercise – Page Title
Exercise – Skip Links
Exercise – Testing with Screen Readers
Exercise 1.1: Check Your Progress
Exercise 1.2: Check Your Progress
Exercise 1.3: Check Your Progress
Exercise 2.1: Check Your Progress
Exercise 2.2: Check Your Progress
Exercise 2.3: Check Your Progress
Exercise 2.4: Check Your Progress
Exercise 2.5: Check Your Progress
Exercise 2.6: Check Your Progress
Exercise 3.1: Check Your Knowledge
Exercise 3.2 Check Your Knowledge
Exercise 3.3: Check Your Progress
Exercise 3.4: Check Your Progress
Exercise 3.5: CHeck Your Progress
Exercise 4.1: Hands-on Assignment
Exercise 4.2: Check Your Progress
Exercise 4.3: Check Your Progress
Exercise 5.1: Check Your Progress
Exercise 5.2: Check Your Progress
Exercise 5.3: Check Your Progress
Exercise 5.4: Check Your Progress
Final Assessment Quiz
Final Thoughts
Finalizing the Audit and Next Steps
Focus Indicator
Focus Indicator
Focus Management
Focus Management
Focus Order
Font Size
Form Design
Forms
Further Reading
Hands-On Activity: Complete Accessibility Test
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Hands-on Exercises
Heading Structure
Headings
High Contrast Mode on Windows
Hover, Focus and Active State
Hover, Focus and Active State
How to Document the Screen Reader User Experience?
How to Ensure "Accessible-Friendly" Animations?
How to Write Accessibility Acceptance Criteria?
How to Write Alt Text?
How to Write Alt Text?
How to Write Title Text?
Identifying Images of Text and Providing Alternatives
Image Alt Text
Image Alt Text
Images are clear enough
Images Missing the Alt Attribute
Images on hover text
Implementing Accessibility Recommendations
Implementing Audio Descriptions for Video and Audio Content
Implementing Helpful Error Messages
Importance of Testing in a Familiar Language
Installing and Opening NVDA on Windows Devices
Introduction to JAWS and Installation
JAWS
JAWS
JAWS Support for Different Languages
Keyboard
Keyboard Interaction
Keyboard Trap
Labels
Labels
Landmark Elements
Landmarks present
Landmarks present
Landmarks present
Leeson 1 – NVDA Table Navigation Commands — The Complete Reference
Lesson 1 – Form Label Associations — Methods, Precedence, and Failures
Lesson 1 – Image Categories and Alt Text Fundamentals
Lesson 1 – Link Testing Fundamentals — Names, Purpose, and Context
Lesson 1 – Page Title and Language Testing
Lesson 1 – The Anatomy of a Professional Finding
Lesson 1 – The APG Testing Methodology — A Framework for Every Widget
Lesson 1 – The Navigation Toolkit — Every Method Available
Lesson 1 – The Virtual Buffer — What NVDA Builds and Why
Lesson 1 – Versions, Download, and Installation Modes
Lesson 1 – What is NVDA?
Lesson 1 – Your Personal NVDA Testing Workflow
Lesson 1.1 What is Web Accessibility?
Lesson 1.1: Introduction to Email Accessibility
Lesson 1.2 Understanding Disabilities — The Five Categories
Lesson 1.2: Common Email Accessibility Barriers
Lesson 1.3 Temporary & Situational Disabilities
Lesson 1.3: Understanding Assistive Technologies
Lesson 1.4 The Business Case for Accessibility
Lesson 10.1 Accessible Design Systems — The Foundation
Lesson 10.2 Accessibility Tokens — Encoding Decisions in Your Design System
Lesson 10.3 Component Documentation — Specifying Accessibility Completely
Lesson 10.4 Accessibility Annotations — The Language of Handoff
Lesson 10.5 Handoff Workflows, Review Processes & Sign-Off Criteria
Lesson 11.1 Why Testing Matters — What Automated Tools Miss & Why Human Testing is Essential
Lesson 11.2 Manual Testing — Keyboard Navigation, Zoom & Visual Checks
Lesson 11.3 Screen Reader Testing — VoiceOver, NVDA, JAWS & TalkBack
Lesson 11.4 Automated Testing Tools — axe, WAVE, Lighthouse & How to Use Them
Lesson 11.5 Running an Accessibility Audit — Process, Reports & Remediation
Lesson 12.1 The Legal Landscape — Accessibility Laws Worldwide
Lesson 12.2 WCAG Versions, EN 301 549 & What Standards Actually Require
Lesson 12.3 Accessibility Statements, VPATs & Procurement
Lesson 12.4 Building an Accessibility Culture — Champions, Processes & Training
Lesson 12.5 The Business Case & Your Role as an Accessibility Advocate
Lesson 2 – Advanced Link Patterns — Downloads, External Links, Cards, and Duplicates
Lesson 2 – Alt Text Quality — Evaluating Meaning, Not Just Presence
Lesson 2 – Browse Mode in Depth
Lesson 2 – Integrating NVDA into Development Processes
Lesson 2 – Modal Dialogs
Lesson 2 – Required Fields, Descriptions, and Input Purpose
Lesson 2 – Skip Links, Bypass Blocks, and Focus Visibility
Lesson 2 – Table Captions and Structure Announcements
Lesson 2 – The Full Quick Navigation Key Reference
Lesson 2 – The NVDA Interface: Modifier Key, System Tray, and Menus
Lesson 2 – WCAG Mapping — Finding the Right Criterion Every Time
Lesson 2 – Who uses NVDA?
Lesson 2.1 The WCAG Framework — Where POUR Comes From
Lesson 2.1: Typography and Readability
Lesson 2.2 Perceivable — Can Every User Access the Content?
Lesson 2.2: Color and Contrast
Lesson 2.3 Operable — Can Every User Control the Interface?
Lesson 2.3: Images and Alternative Text
Lesson 2.4 Understandable — Can Every User Comprehend the Content?
Lesson 2.4: Links and Call-to-Action
Lesson 2.5 Robust — Will the Content Work on All Technology?
Lesson 2.5: Document Structure and Semantics
Lesson 2.6: Attachments and File Accessibility
Lesson 3 – Building a Testing Playbook and Knowledge Base
Lesson 3 – Button Testing — Names, Roles, States, and the Link vs. Button Distinction
Lesson 3 – Column and Row Header Testing
Lesson 3 – Focus Mode in Depth
Lesson 3 – Grouped Controls — Fieldsets, Legends, and Radio Button Sets
Lesson 3 – Heading Hierarchy Testing
Lesson 3 – NVDA in the Screen Reader Landscape
Lesson 3 – Reading and Review Commands
Lesson 3 – Severity Classification — P1 Through P4
Lesson 3 – Speech Synthesisers and Voice Settings
Lesson 3 – SVG, CSS Images, Icon Fonts, and figure/figcaption
Lesson 3- Accordions and Disclosure Widgets
Lesson 3.1 Understanding Color & Human Vision
Lesson 3.1: HTML Email Fundamentals
Lesson 3.2 WCAG Contrast Requirements — The Rules Explained
Lesson 3.2: Accessible Images in HTML Email
Lesson 3.3 Color Blindness — Types, Impact & Design Decisions
Lesson 3.3: Interactive Elements and Links
Lesson 3.4 Contrast Testing Tools — Practical Workflow
Lesson 3.4: Responsive and Mobile Accessibility
Lesson 3.5 Designing Accessible Color Palettes
Lesson 3.5: Email Client Compatibility
Lesson 4 – Audio and Video Content Testing
Lesson 4 – Complex Tables — Spanning Cells, Multi-Level Headers, and the headers/id Method
Lesson 4 – Inline Validation and Error Announcement
Lesson 4 – Keyboard Activation — Enter, Space, and the Rules Every Developer Gets Wrong
Lesson 4 – Landmark Region Testing
Lesson 4 – Mode Switching — Automatic, Manual, and Edge Cases
Lesson 4 – Staying Current — NVDA Releases, WCAG Updates, and Community
Lesson 4 – Tab Panels
Lesson 4 – The Five-Pass Testing Sequence
Lesson 4 – Verbosity, Punctuation, and Document Formatting Settings
Lesson 4 – What Does "Accessible" Actually Sound Like?
Lesson 4- False Positives, Configuration Errors, and Disputed Findings
Lesson 4.1 Accessible Newletter Structure
Lesson 4.1 Why Headings Matter — Accessibility, Usability & Cognition
Lesson 4.2 Semantic HTML vs Visual Styling — The Critical Distinction
Lesson 4.2: Email from Word Documents
Lesson 4.3 Building Correct Heading Hierarchies — Rules & Patterns
Lesson 4.3 Using Email Marketing Platforms
Lesson 4.4 The Six Most Common Heading Failures — With Fixes
Lesson 4.5 Writing Effective Heading Text & Design Handoff Workflow
Lesson 5 – Advanced Navigation: SPAs, Dynamic Content, and Iframes
Lesson 5 – Advocating for Accessibility in Your Organisation
Lesson 5 – Animated Content and WCAG 2.2.2
Lesson 5 – Applying Mode Knowledge to Real Testing Scenarios
Lesson 5 – Browse Mode and Focus Mode Settings
Lesson 5 – Comboboxes and Listboxes
Lesson 5 – Form Submission Feedback — Errors, Successes, and Focus Management
Lesson 5 – Keyboard Traps — Detection, Confirmation, and Documentation
Lesson 5 – Layout Tables and Presentational Markup
Lesson 5 – Reading Order and Meaningful Sequence
Lesson 5 – The Accessibility Tester's Mindset
Lesson 5 – Writing Recommendations That Get Implemented
Lesson 5.1 Links vs Buttons — The Semantic Distinction That Changes Everything
Lesson 5.1: Interactive Email Components
Lesson 5.2 Designing Accessible Links — Visibility, Text & Context
Lesson 5.2: Dark Mode Optimization
Lesson 5.3 Designing Accessible Buttons — Affordance, States & Labels
Lesson 5.3: Animation and Motion Accessibility
Lesson 5.4 Focus Design — The Most Overlooked Accessibility Requirement
Lesson 5.4: Advanced Testing and Auditing
Lesson 5.5 Touch Targets, Voice Control & Interaction Annotation
Lesson 6 – Advanced Form Patterns
Lesson 6 – ARIA Live Regions and Dynamic Content
Lesson 6 – ARIA Table Roles and Responsive Table Patterns
Lesson 6 – Building a Reproducible Navigation Path
Lesson 6 – Career Paths and Professional Development in Accessibility
Lesson 6 – Focus Management After Activation
Lesson 6 – Sliders, Spinners, and Range Inputs
Lesson 6 – Speech Viewer, Log Viewer, Elements List and Add-ons
Lesson 6 – The Audit Report Structure and Audience Communication
Lesson 6 – The Five Most Dangerous Mode Mistakes
Lesson 6 – The Page Structure Audit Template
Lesson 6.1 Proximity & Visual Grouping — The Gestalt Foundation
Lesson 6.2 Spacing as an Accessibility Tool — Practical Standards
Lesson 6.3 WCAG 1.4.4 Resize Text & 1.4.10 Reflow — The Zoom Requirements
Lesson 6.4 WCAG 1.4.12 Text Spacing — The Override Test
Lesson 6.5 Testing, Fixing & Annotating Spacing and Zoom Compliance
Lesson 7 – Retesting, Regression, and Closing the Loop
Lesson 7 – The Capstone Audit — Course Assessment
Lesson 7 – The Form Accessibility Audit Template
Lesson 7 – The Interactive Element Audit Template
Lesson 7 – The Media and Dynamic Content Audit Template
Lesson 7 – The Table Accessibility Audit Template
Lesson 7 – Tree Views, Menus, and Tooltips
Lesson 7.1 Labels, Placeholders & Hint Text — Getting the Foundations Right
Lesson 7.2 Required Fields, Input Types & Field Instructions
Lesson 7.3 Error Identification & Messaging — The WCAG Requirements
Lesson 7.4 Inline Validation, Error Summaries & Recovery Design
Lesson 7.5 Complex Controls, Multi-step Forms & Accessible Form Patterns
Lesson 8.1 Vestibular Disorders, Seizures & Why Motion Matters
Lesson 8.2 WCAG 2.3.1, 2.3.3 & the prefers-reduced-motion Media Query
Lesson 8.3 Safe vs Harmful Animation — Designing Accessible Motion
Lesson 8.4 Focus Management for Dynamic Content — Modals, Drawers & Notifications
Lesson 8.5 Carousels, Live Regions, Autoplay & the Motion Testing Workflow
Lesson 9.1 Plain Language — Principles, Evidence & Who It Serves
Lesson 9.2 Reading Level, Sentence Structure & Vocabulary
Lesson 9.3 Alternative Text — Writing Descriptions That Truly Work
Lesson 9.4 Captions, Transcripts, Audio Descriptions & Multimedia
Lesson 9.5 Content Auditing, Annotation & the Content Accessibility Workflow
Links make sense out of context
Links make sense out of context
Links vs Buttons
Logical Heading Order is Key
Maintaining Consistency in Form Elements
Marking Up Form Fields Appropriately
Modal Window
Modifying NVDA's Settings for Optimal Testing Conditions
Module 1
Module 1 Checklist and Glossary
Module 1 Checklist and Glossary
Module 1 Checklist and Glossary: My Accessibility Commitment
Module 1 Exercises
Module 1 Exercises
Module 1 Glossary
Module 1 Knowledge Checklist
Module 1 Overview
Module 1 Overview
Module 1 Overview
Module 1 Overview
Module 1 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 1: Checklist
Module 1: Knowledge Check
Module 1: Overview
Module 1: Overview
Module 1: Quiz
Module 10 Checklist and Glossary
Module 10 Checklist and Glossary: Social Media Accessibility
Module 10 Exercises
Module 10 Overview
Module 10 Overview
Module 10 Overview
Module 10 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 10: Checklist
Module 10: Knowledge Check
Module 10: Overview
Module 10: Overview
Module 10: Quiz
Module 11 Checklist and Glossary
Module 11 Checklist and Glossary: The Master Pre-Publish Accessibility Checklist
Module 11 Exercises
Module 11 Overview
Module 11 Overview
Module 11 Overview
Module 11 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 11: Checklist
Module 11: Knowledge Check
Module 11: Overview
Module 11: Overview
Module 11: Quiz
Module 12 Checklist and Glossary
Module 12 Exercises
Module 12 Final Quiz
Module 12 Overview
Module 12 Overview
Module 12 Overview
Module 12 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 12: Checklist
Module 12: Knowledge Check
Module 12: Overview
Module 12: Overview
Module 12: Quiz
Module 13 Checklist and Glossary
Module 13 Exercises
Module 13 Overview
Module 14 Checklist and Glossary
Module 14 Exercises
Module 14 Overview
Module 15 Checklist and Glossary
Module 15 Exercises
Module 15 Overview
Module 16 Checklist and Glossary
Module 16 Exercises
Module 16 Overview
Module 17 Checklist and Glossary
Module 17 Exercises
Module 17 Overview
Module 18 Checklist and Glossary
Module 18 Exercises
Module 19 Checklist and Glossary
Module 19 Exercises
Module 2 Checklist and Glossary
Module 2 Checklist and Glossary
Module 2 Checklist and Glossary: Organising Content for Navigation
Module 2 Exercises
Module 2 Exercises
Module 2 Exercises
Module 2 Final Assessment
Module 2 Glossary
Module 2 Knowledge Checklist
Module 2 Overview
Module 2 Overview
Module 2 Overview
Module 2 Overview
Module 2 Overview
Module 2 Practical Assessment
Module 2 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 2: Checklist
Module 2: Knowledge Check
Module 2: Overview
Module 2: Overview
Module 2: Quiz
Module 20 Checklist and Glossary
Module 20 Exercises
Module 21 Checklist and Glossary
Module 21 Exercises
Module 22 Checklist and Glossary
Module 22 Exercises
Module 3 Checklist and Glossary
Module 3 Checklist and Glossary
Module 3 Checklist and Glossary: Writing for Clarity
Module 3 Exercises
Module 3 Exercises
Module 3 Final Assessment
Module 3 Glossary
Module 3 Knowledge Checklist
Module 3 Master Checklist
Module 3 Overview
Module 3 Overview
Module 3 Overview
Module 3 Overview
Module 3 Overview
Module 3 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 3: Checklist
Module 3: Knowledge Check
Module 3: Overview
Module 3: Overview
Module 3: Quiz
Module 4 Checklist and Glossary
Module 4 Checklist and Glossary
Module 4 Checklist and Glossary: Images, Visuals, and Alt Text
Module 4 Exercises
Module 4 Exercises
Module 4 Glossary
Module 4 Knowledge Checklist
Module 4 Overview
Module 4 Overview
Module 4 Overview
Module 4 Overview
Module 4 Overview
Module 4 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 4: Checklist
Module 4: Knowledge Check
Module 4: Overview
Module 4: Overview
Module 4: Quiz
Module 5 Checklist and Glossary
Module 5 Checklist and Glossary
Module 5 Checklist and Glossary: Links That Make Sense
Module 5 Exercises
Module 5 Exercises
Module 5 Knowledge Checklist
Module 5 Overview
Module 5 Overview
Module 5 Overview
Module 5 Overview
Module 5 Overview
Module 5 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 5 Self-Assessment Exercise
Module 5: Checklist
Module 5: Final Assessment
Module 5: Knowledge Check
Module 5: Overview
Module 5: Overview
Module 5: Quiz
Module 6 Checklist and Glossary
Module 6 Checklist and Glossary
Module 6 Checklist and Glossary: Forms, Labels and Error Messages
Module 6 Exercises
Module 6 Exercises
Module 6 Overview
Module 6 Overview
Module 6 Overview
Module 6 Overview
Module 6 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 6: Checklist
Module 6: Knowledge Check
Module 6: Overview
Module 6: Overview
Module 6: Quiz
Module 7 Checklist and Glossary
Module 7 Checklist and Glossary
Module 7 Checklist and Glossary: Multimedia Accessibility
Module 7 Exercises
Module 7 Exercises
Module 7 Overview
Module 7 Overview
Module 7 Overview
Module 7 Overview
Module 7 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 7: Checklist
Module 7: Knowledge Check
Module 7: Overview
Module 7: Overview
Module 7: Quiz
Module 8 Checklist and Glossary
Module 8 Checklist and Glossary
Module 8 Checklist and Glossary: Accessible Documents
Module 8 Exercises
Module 8 Overview
Module 8 Overview
Module 8 Overview
Module 8 Overview
Module 8 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 8: Checklist
Module 8: Knowledge Check
Module 8: Overview
Module 8: Overview
Module 8: Quiz
Module 9 Checklist and Glossary
Module 9 Checklist and Glossary: Colour and Contrast
Module 9 Exercises
Module 9 Overview
Module 9 Overview
Module 9 Overview
Module 9 Self-Assessment Checklist and Glossary
Module 9: Checklist
Module 9: Knowledge Check
Module 9: Overview
Module 9: Overview
Module 9: Quiz
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
Module Summary and What Is Next
More Design Considerations
Motor Disabilities
Motor Disabilities
Navigate back and forwards
Navigate by buttons
Navigate by buttons
Navigate by checkboxes
Navigate by combo boxes (drop downs)
Navigate by form elements
Navigate by form elements
Navigate by form fields
Navigate by headings
Navigate by headings
Navigate by landmarks
Navigate by landmarks
Navigate by links
Navigate by links
Navigate by lists
Navigate by lists
Navigate by radio buttons
Navigate by tables
Navigate by tables
Navigating Websites Using Only a Keyboard
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps
Next Steps, CPD Resources and Certificate
No automatic change of context
No automatic change of context
Notes on the href Attribute
NVDA
NVDA
NVDA Keyboard Commands for Basic Navigation and Interaction
NVDA Test
Offscreen Content
Offscreen Navigation
Operable
Operable
Optimizing Search and Navigation Features
Our Development Approach for Accessible Front-end Code
Overview
Overview
Overview of Accessibility Standards and Guidelines
Overview of NVDA and its Importance in Accessibility Testing
Overview of Testing Steps
P.O.U.R
P.O.U.R.
Page Structure
Page Title
Page title is descriptive
Page title is descriptive
Pause Announcements
Perceivable
Perceivable
Planning and Preparing for an Accessibility Audit
Practical Assignment
Prerequisites and Overview
Prerequisites and Overview
Promote Inclusive Design Practices
Providing Context without Disrupting Design
Providing Warnings Before User Timeouts
Proximity/Text Zoom
Proximity/Text Zoom
Read all page content
Read all page content
Read all page content
Read all page content
Read all page content
Real-World Email Analysis Exercise
Recap of Key Learnings
Reflection and Next Steps
Reflection and Next Steps
Repeated Link Content
Resources
Responsive Design
Reviewing Pages for Clear and Descriptive Titles
Robust
Robust
Rotor
Rotor
Screen Reader + Browser Combinations
Screen Reader Virtual Cursor
Select interactive elements by number
Semantic HTML
Skip Link Requirements
Skip Links
Skip to Where?
Spotting Barriers: Practice Activity
Step-by-Step Testing Instructions
Step-by-Step Testing Process for Components and Features
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary
Summary: Alt Text Checklist
Summary: Attachment Checklist
Summary: Color Contrast Checklist
Summary: Dark Mode Master Checklist
Summary: Email Client Compatibility Checklist
Summary: HTML Email Fundamentals Checklist
Summary: Image Optimization Checklist
Summary: Link Accessibility Checklist
Summary: Mobile Email Checklist
Summary: Structure Checklist
Summary: Typography Checklist
TAB-ing Around
TalkBack
TalkBack
Temporary Disabilities
Temporary Disabilities
Test Your Knowledge: Module 1 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 1 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 1 Quiz
Test your Knowledge: Module 1 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 10 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 10 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 10 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 11 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 11 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 11 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 12 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 13 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 14 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 15 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 16 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 17 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 18 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 19 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 2 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 2 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 2 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 2 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 20 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 21 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 22 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 3 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 3 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 3 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 3 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 4 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 4 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 4 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 4 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 5 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 5 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 5 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 5 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 6 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 6 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 6 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 6 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 7 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 7 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 7 Quiz
Test Your knowledge: Module 7 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 8 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 8 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 8 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 8 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 9 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 9 Quiz
Test Your Knowledge: Module 9 Quiz
Testing Accessibility on Mobile and Tablet Devices
Testing Pages for Properly Styled Instructions
Testing with Assistive Technology
Testing with Screen Readers
Text fields – case sensitive
Text fields – copy and paste
Text fields – expected format
Text fields – whitespace
Text is readable
Text on hover text
Thank You!
The Accessible Name/Label/Text Equivalent
The Current State
The Element Role
The Four Principles of Accessibility
The Four Principles of Accessibility
The Straw Test
The Straw Test
Touch Target Size
Touch Target Size and Whitespace
Touch Targets
Turning JAWS On and Off
Understandable
Understanding Bug Priority Levels for Accessibility Issues
Understanding Disabilities
Understanding Disabilities
Understanding Speaking Rate
Understanding the Importance of Accessibility
Understanding the Importance of Testing in a Foreign Language
Validation errors
Validation errors
Validation errors
Verifying Meaningful and Accessible Links
Verifying Proper Behavior of Form Elements
Vestibular Issues / Seizure Disorders
Visual Impairments
Visual Impairments
Voice Access
Voice Access
Voice Control
Voice Control
VoiceOver on iPhone
VoiceOver on iPhone
VoiceOver on Mac
VoiceOver on Mac
WCAG Success Criteria
WCAG Success Criteria
What Actually Makes up a "Poor" Animation?
What Actually Makes up a "Poor" Animation?
What ARIA does not do!
What does Semantics Include?
What is Accessibility?
What is Accessibility?
What You've Accomplished!
What You've Accomplished!
What You've Achieved!
What's Next?
When to Include Alt Text?
When to Include Alt Text?
Whitespace
Whitespace
Who Benefits from Alt Text?
Your Accessibility Manifesto!
Your Email Accessibilty Toolkit
ZoomText Magnifier / Reader
ZoomText Magnifier / Reader

Quizzes

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